scipy.ndimage.

grey_dilation#

scipy.ndimage.grey_dilation(input, size=None, footprint=None, structure=None, output=None, mode='reflect', cval=0.0, origin=0, *, axes=None)[source]#

Calculate a greyscale dilation, using either a structuring element, or a footprint corresponding to a flat structuring element.

Grayscale dilation is a mathematical morphology operation. For the simple case of a full and flat structuring element, it can be viewed as a maximum filter over a sliding window.

Parameters:
inputarray_like

Array over which the grayscale dilation is to be computed.

sizetuple of ints

Shape of a flat and full structuring element used for the grayscale dilation. Optional if footprint or structure is provided.

footprintarray of ints, optional

Positions of non-infinite elements of a flat structuring element used for the grayscale dilation. Non-zero values give the set of neighbors of the center over which the maximum is chosen.

structurearray of ints, optional

Structuring element used for the grayscale dilation. structure may be a non-flat structuring element. The structure array applies an additive offset for each pixel in the neighborhood.

outputarray, optional

An array used for storing the output of the dilation may be provided.

mode{‘reflect’,’constant’,’nearest’,’mirror’, ‘wrap’}, optional

The mode parameter determines how the array borders are handled, where cval is the value when mode is equal to ‘constant’. Default is ‘reflect’

cvalscalar, optional

Value to fill past edges of input if mode is ‘constant’. Default is 0.0.

originscalar, optional

The origin parameter controls the placement of the filter. Default 0

axestuple of int or None

The axes over which to apply the filter. If None, input is filtered along all axes. If an origin tuple is provided, its length must match the number of axes.

Returns:
grey_dilationndarray

Grayscale dilation of input.

See also

binary_dilation, grey_erosion, grey_closing, grey_opening
generate_binary_structure, maximum_filter

Notes

The grayscale dilation of an image input by a structuring element s defined over a domain E is given by:

(input+s)(x) = max {input(y) + s(x-y), for y in E}

In particular, for structuring elements defined as s(y) = 0 for y in E, the grayscale dilation computes the maximum of the input image inside a sliding window defined by E.

Grayscale dilation [1] is a mathematical morphology operation [2].

References

Examples

>>> from scipy import ndimage
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.zeros((7,7), dtype=int)
>>> a[2:5, 2:5] = 1
>>> a[4,4] = 2; a[2,3] = 3
>>> a
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
>>> ndimage.grey_dilation(a, size=(3,3))
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0],
       [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0],
       [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
>>> ndimage.grey_dilation(a, footprint=np.ones((3,3)))
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 0],
       [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0],
       [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
>>> s = ndimage.generate_binary_structure(2,1)
>>> s
array([[False,  True, False],
       [ True,  True,  True],
       [False,  True, False]], dtype=bool)
>>> ndimage.grey_dilation(a, footprint=s)
array([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0],
       [0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 0],
       [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0],
       [0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
>>> ndimage.grey_dilation(a, size=(3,3), structure=np.ones((3,3)))
array([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1],
       [1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1],
       [1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 1],
       [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1],
       [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
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