scipy.ndimage.

binary_dilation#

scipy.ndimage.binary_dilation(input, structure=None, iterations=1, mask=None, output=None, border_value=0, origin=0, brute_force=False, *, axes=None)[source]#

Multidimensional binary dilation with the given structuring element.

Parameters:
inputarray_like

Binary array_like to be dilated. Non-zero (True) elements form the subset to be dilated.

structurearray_like, optional

Structuring element used for the dilation. Non-zero elements are considered True. If no structuring element is provided an element is generated with a square connectivity equal to one.

iterationsint, optional

The dilation is repeated iterations times (one, by default). If iterations is less than 1, the dilation is repeated until the result does not change anymore. Only an integer of iterations is accepted.

maskarray_like, optional

If a mask is given, only those elements with a True value at the corresponding mask element are modified at each iteration.

outputndarray, optional

Array of the same shape as input, into which the output is placed. By default, a new array is created.

border_valueint (cast to 0 or 1), optional

Value at the border in the output array.

originint or tuple of ints, optional

Placement of the filter, by default 0.

brute_forceboolean, optional

Memory condition: if False, only the pixels whose value was changed in the last iteration are tracked as candidates to be updated (dilated) in the current iteration; if True all pixels are considered as candidates for dilation, regardless of what happened in the previous iteration. False by default.

axestuple of int or None

The axes over which to apply the filter. If None, input is filtered along all axes. If an origin tuple is provided, its length must match the number of axes.

Returns:
binary_dilationndarray of bools

Dilation of the input by the structuring element.

See also

grey_dilation, binary_erosion, binary_closing, binary_opening
generate_binary_structure

Notes

Dilation [1] is a mathematical morphology operation [2] that uses a structuring element for expanding the shapes in an image. The binary dilation of an image by a structuring element is the locus of the points covered by the structuring element, when its center lies within the non-zero points of the image.

References

Examples

>>> from scipy import ndimage
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.zeros((5, 5))
>>> a[2, 2] = 1
>>> a
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])
>>> ndimage.binary_dilation(a)
array([[False, False, False, False, False],
       [False, False,  True, False, False],
       [False,  True,  True,  True, False],
       [False, False,  True, False, False],
       [False, False, False, False, False]], dtype=bool)
>>> ndimage.binary_dilation(a).astype(a.dtype)
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])
>>> # 3x3 structuring element with connectivity 1, used by default
>>> struct1 = ndimage.generate_binary_structure(2, 1)
>>> struct1
array([[False,  True, False],
       [ True,  True,  True],
       [False,  True, False]], dtype=bool)
>>> # 3x3 structuring element with connectivity 2
>>> struct2 = ndimage.generate_binary_structure(2, 2)
>>> struct2
array([[ True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True]], dtype=bool)
>>> ndimage.binary_dilation(a, structure=struct1).astype(a.dtype)
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])
>>> ndimage.binary_dilation(a, structure=struct2).astype(a.dtype)
array([[ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.]])
>>> ndimage.binary_dilation(a, structure=struct1,\
... iterations=2).astype(a.dtype)
array([[ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 1.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  1.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.]])
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